Informational simulation for startup stock options and 2026 AMT rules. Consult an equity compensation CPA before exercising illiquid private shares.
Strategic Context & How To Use:

Calculates Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) liabilities when exercising Incentive Stock Options (ISOs) before a liquidity event or IPO. For example, exercising 50,000 ISO shares at a $1.00 strike when the Fair Market Value (FMV) is $10.00 creates a $450,000 AMT paper spread, which can trigger an unexpected five-figure AMT tax bill.

Startup Equity ISO vs NSO & AMT Modeler

Startup Stock Options & AMT Tax Calculator

Estimate cash required to exercise, potential Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) on paper gains, and net profit at IPO/Exit.

Grant & Grantee Profile

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Cash to Exercise

$50,000

25,000 shares @ $2.00

Estimated AMT Tax Due

$38,680

Due in Year of Exercise

Net Exit Payout (After Tax)

$846,320

Net Profit at $45/share

Total Upfront Cash Required to Exercise & Hold:

Strike Cost ($50k) + Estimated Tax Liability ($38.6k)

$88,680

Equity Value Waterfall & Tax Breakdown

Gross Value vs Strike vs Taxes vs Net

ISO vs NSO Tax Mechanism Breakdown

Event Incentive Stock Options (ISO) Non-Qualified Stock Options (NSO)
Tax at Grant? No Tax No Tax
Tax at Exercise? AMT Spread Trigger (26% - 28%) Ordinary Income Tax (Up to 37% + FICA)
Tax at Sale / Exit? Long-Term Cap Gains (20%) if held > 1 yr Cap Gains only on growth above exercise FMV
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